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As a means of recording the passage of time , the 11th century is the period from 1001 to 1100 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era . In the history of European culture, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages . There was a sudden

The following is a timeline of the history of China . Between the changing of the dynasties , most dates overlap as ruling periods do not transfer immediately. Dates prior to 841 BC (beginning of the Gonghe regency) are provisional and subject to dispute. Contents 1 Prehistoric China

The Norman conquest of southern Italy spanned most of the eleventh century , involving many battles and many independent players conquering territories of their own. Only later were these united as the Kingdom of Sicily , which included not only the island of Sicily , but also the entire

However, the word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century . Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers . While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity

In his Dream Pool Essays ( 夢溪筆談 ; Mengxi Bitan ) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass , which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic

Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). [ 3 ] The population of China doubled in size during the 10th and 11th centuries. This growth came through expanded rice cultivation in central and southern China, the use of early-ripening rice from southeast and southern Asia, and the production of abundant

was a ruling dynasty that controlled China proper and southern China from the middle of the 10th century into the last quarter of the 13th century . The Song Dynasty is considered a high point of classical Chinese innovation in science and technology , including prominent intellectual figures

Confucian or Legalist scholars in ancient China—perhaps as far back as the late Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC)—categorized all socio-economic groups into four broad and hierarchical occupations (in descending order): the shi (scholars, or gentry), the nong (peasant farmers), the gong

weapons such as cannons —until its collapse to the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan in the late 13th century . Notable advances in civil engineering , nautics , and metallurgy were made in Song China, as well as the introduction of the windmill to China during the thirteenth century . These