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The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer ) was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany ) starting August 13, 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin . The barrier included guard towers placed along

After East Germany tightened its zonal occupation border with West Germany , the city sector border between East Berlin and West Berlin became a loophole through which defection could occur. This was closed with the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Thereafter, emigration from the

Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990. Not including the similar but physically separate Berlin Wall , the border was 1,381 kilometres (858 mi) long and ran from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia . It was formally established on 1 July 1945 as the boundary between the Western

proudest boast is 'Ich bin ein Berliner!'... All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin , and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words 'Ich bin ein Berliner!' Some reports claim that Kennedy came up with the phrase at the last moment, as well as the idea to say

The Berlin U-Bahn is a rapid transit railway in Berlin , the capital city of Germany , and is a major part of the public transport system of that city. Opened in 1902, the U-Bahn serves 173 stations spread across nine lines, with a total track length of 147 kilometres (91.3 mi), [ 1

Flag The four occupation sectors of Berlin . West Berlin is in light blue, dark blue and purple. Borough borders as of 1987. Historical era Cold War  - Established 1949  -  Reunification 3 October 1990 History of Berlin This article is part of a series

with the Soviet approach to restricting emigration . Events such as the Tito-Stalin split and Berlin Blockade prompted stricter control from Moscow. While the Bloc persisted through revolts including the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the aftermath of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

Germans migrated to the West. 3.454 million of them left between 1950 and the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961. The great majority simply walked across the border or, after 1952, exited through West Berlin . After the border was fortified and the Berlin Wall was constructed, the

The fall of the inner German border came rapidly and unexpectedly in November 1989, along with the fall of the Berlin Wall . The event paved the way for the ultimate reunification of Germany just short of a year later. Contents 1 Refugee crisis of September–November 1989 2 Opening

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was successively the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945). [ 6 ] During the 1920s , Berlin was the third largest municipality