Carbon
There are several allotropes of carbon of which the best known are graphite , diamond , and amorphous carbon . [ 12 ] The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, diamond is highly transparent , while graphite is opaque and black. Diamond is among
Allotropes of carbon
This is a list of the allotropes of carbon . Contents 1 Diamond 2 Graphite 2.1 Graphene 3 Amorphous carbon 4 Buckminster-fullerenes 4.1 Buckyballs 4.2 Carbon nanotubes 4.3 Carbon nanobuds 5 Glassy carbon 6 Carbon nanofoam 7 Lonsdaleite (hexagonal diamond
Compounds of carbon
There is an immense number of distinct compounds that contain carbon atoms. Some sources suggest that there are about ten million known compounds. [ 1 ] However, it is possible that the number is greater. Contents 1 Organic compounds 2 Inorganic compounds 2.1 Compounds with
Abiogenic petroleum origin
The abiogenic hypothesis argues that petroleum was formed from deep carbon deposits, perhaps dating to the formation of the Earth . The presence of methane on Saturn's moon Titan is cited as evidence supporting the formation of hydrocarbons without biology. Supporters of the abiogenic hypothesis
Oxocarbon
An oxocarbon or oxide of carbon is an inorganic compound consisting only of carbon and oxygen . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The simplest and most common oxocarbons are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Many other stable or metastable oxides of carbon are known, but they are rarely encountered
Diamond
In mineralogy , diamond (from the ancient Greek αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is an allotrope of carbon , where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice . Diamond is less stable than graphite , but the
Carbon nanotube
Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family, which also includes the spherical buckyballs . The ends of a nanotube might be capped with a hemisphere of the buckyball structure. Their name is derived from their size, since the diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers
Fullerene
A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere , ellipsoid , or tube . Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs , and cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. Fullerenes are similar in structure to graphite , which is composed
Boron nitride
2973 °C (cBN) (sublimes) Solubility in water insoluble Solubility insoluble in acids Electron mobility 200 cm 2 /(V·s) (cBN) Refractive index ( n D ) 2.17 (cBN) Structure Crystal structure hexagonal , sphalerite , wurtzite Thermochemistry Std enthalpy of
Oxygen
All major classes of structural molecules in living organisms, such as proteins , carbohydrates , and fats , contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that comprise animal shells, teeth, and bone. Oxygen in the form of O 2 is produced from water by cyanobacteria , algae and plants
