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At a chemical synapse , one neuron releases a neurotransmitter into a small space (the synapse ) that is adjacent to another neuron. Neurotransmitters must then be cleared out of the synapse efficiently so that the synapse can be ready to function again as soon as possible. The adult human

In physiology , an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a stereotyped trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells , called excitable cells , which include neurons , muscle

electrically excitable cell that receives, processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling . Chemical signaling occurs via synapses , specialized connections with other cells. Neurons connect to each other to form networks . Neurons are the core components of the

The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. The central

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate , and most invertebrate , animals. [ 1 ] Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is

Structure and formation of synapses Illustration of the major elements in a prototypical synapse . Synapses are gaps between nerve cells . These cells convert their electrical impulses into bursts of neurochemical relayers, called neurotransmitters , which travel across the synapses

synchronously. [ 2 ] It is one of several phenomena underlying synaptic plasticity , the ability of chemical synapses to change their strength. As memories are thought to be encoded by modification of synaptic strength , [ 3 ] LTP is widely considered one of the major cellular mechanisms

increases the probability of the occurrence of a future action potential. They can take place at all chemical synapses which use the secretion of neurotransmitters to create cell to cell signaling. Inhibitory presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters which then bind to the postsynaptic