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The Heard Island and McDonald Islands [ 1 ] (abbreviated as HIMI [ 2 ] ) are an Australian external territory and volcanic group of barren Antarctic islands , about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica, approximately 4,099 km southwest of Perth , [ 3 ] 3,845 km southwest

There is no native population on any of the islands , and the only present inhabitants are the British Government Officer, Deputy Postmaster, scientists, and support staff from the British Antarctic Survey who maintain scientific bases at Bird Island and at the capital, King Edward Point

latitude of between 46° – 60° south of the Equator . The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean , Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean , especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence . Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition

The Kerguelen Islands (pronounced /ˈkɜrɡələn, kərˈɡeɪlən/ ; [ 1 ] in French commonly Îles Kerguelen or Archipel de Kerguelen but officially Archipel des Kerguelen or Archipel Kerguelen, pronounced:  [kɛʁɡelɛn] ), also known as Desolation Island , are a group of islands

The Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) maintains a permanent base, the Macquarie Island Station , on the isthmus at the northern end of island at the foot of Wireless Hill . The base's residents, the island's only inhabitants, range in numbers from 20 to 40 people throughout the year.

Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. [ 2 ] Antarctica is considered a desert , with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland. [ 3 ] There are no permanent

glaciers , which block the south and east coasts. [ 4 ] A number of rocks and very small satellite islands lie offshore, including Lars Island to the southwest. The nearest land is Queen Maud Land , Antarctica , over 1,750 kilometres (1,090 mi) away to the south, which does not have a

The Prince Edward Islands are two small islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean that are politically part of South Africa . As a group of two islands , the Prince Edward Islands are located at 46°46′23″S 037°51′09″E / 46.77306°S 37.8525°E / -46.77306; 37.8525

The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands , lying about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of the Antarctic Peninsula , [ 1 ] with a total area of 3,687 square kilometres (1,424 sq mi). By the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, the Islands ' sovereignty is neither recognized nor

of the party. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ edit ] Flora and fauna Main article: List of flora and fauna of Heard Island The landscape of Heard Island and nearby McDonald Island is constantly changing due to volcanism , strong winds and waves, and climate change . Volcanic activity has been observed