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at higher temperatures , however, it quickly oxidizes , forming a yellowish oxide. In pure form, holmium possesses a metallic, bright silvery luster. Holmium oxide has some fairly dramatic color changes depending on the lighting conditions. In daylight, it is a tannish yellow color. Under

are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references Holmium (III) oxide , or holmium oxide is a chemical compound of a rare-earth element holmium and oxygen with the formula Ho 2 O 3 . Together with dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) holmium

obtained two new substances; one brown and one green. The brown substance was the oxide of the element holmium and was named holmia by Cleve, and the green substance was the oxide of an unknown element. Cleve named the oxide thulia and its element thulium after Thule , Scandinavia. In 1911

Ytterbium is a soft, malleable and rather ductile element that exhibits a bright silvery luster . A rare earth element, it is easily attacked and dissolved by mineral acids , slowly reacts with water , and oxidizes in air. [ 2 ] Ytterbium has three allotropes which are called alpha, beta

characteristics can be greatly affected even by small amounts of impurities. [ 1 ] Dysprosium and holmium have the highest magnetic strengths of the elements, [ 2 ] especially at low temperatures. [ 3 ] Dysprosium has a simple ferromagnetic ordering at temperatures below 85 K. Above

Erbium's principal uses involve its pink-colored Er 3+ ions, which have optical fluorescent properties particularly useful in certain laser applications. Erbium-doped glasses or crystals can be used as optical amplification media, where erbium (III) ions are optically pumped at around 980

Terbium is used to dope calcium fluoride , calcium tungstate and strontium molybdate , materials that are used in solid-state devices, and as a crystal stabilizer of fuel cells which operate at elevated temperatures. As a component of Terfenol-D (an alloy which expands and contracts in

Lutetium is a silvery white corrosion -resistant trivalent metal . It has the smallest atomic radius and is the heaviest and hardest of the rare earth elements. [ 3 ] Lutetium has the highest melting point of any lanthanide, probably related to the lanthanide contraction . [ edit ] Chemical

Cerium is a silvery metal, belonging to the lanthanide group. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. Cerium has the second-longest liquid range of any element: 2648 C° (795 °C to 3443 °C) or 4766 F° (1463 °F to 6229 °F). ( Thorium

Lanthanum is a soft, malleable, silvery white metal which has hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature. At 310 °C, lanthanum changes to a face-centered cubic structure, and at 865 °C into a body-centered cubic structure. [ 2 ] Lanthanum easily oxidizes (a centimeter-sized sample