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Historic sources present disparate accounts of Ivan 's complex personality: he was described as intelligent and devout, yet given to rages and prone to episodic outbreaks of mental illness . One notable outburst may have resulted in the death of his groomed and chosen heir Ivan Ivanovich

invasion 1.5 Russo-Tatar relations 2 Grand Duchy of Moscow 2.1 The rise of Moscow 2.2 Ivan III, the Great 3 Tsardom of Russia 3.1 Ivan IV, the Terrible 3.2 Time of Troubles 3.3 The accession of Romanovs and early rule 4 Imperial Russia 4.1 Peter the Great 4.2

The Oprichnina ( Russian : Опричнина ) is the period of Russian history between Tsar Ivan the Terrible 's 1565 initiation and his 1572 disbanding of a domestic policy of political police , mass repressions , public executions, and confiscation of land from Russian aristocrats

The vast territory known today as Russia covers an area that has been known historically by various names, including Rus' , Kievan Rus' , the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire , and the sovereigns of these many nations and throughout their histories have used likewise as wide a range

Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, non-Christian, supreme rulers. In Russia and Bulgaria the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] "Tsar" was the official title

Русское" [ 1 ] ) was the official [ 2 ] type of government and name for the Russian state between Ivan IV 's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 and Peter the Great 's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721. The term is not without controversy: some Russian historians consider

At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is by far the largest country in the world , covering more than a ninth of the Earth 's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation in the world with 142 million people. [ 1 ] It extends across the whole of northern

Being conquered by Danes and Germans in 1227, Estonia was ruled initially by Denmark in the north, by the Livonian Order , an autonomous part of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and Baltic German ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire . From 1418–1562 the whole of Estonia

The history of Latvia began when the area which is today Latvia was settled following the end of the last glacial period , around 9,000 BC. Ancient Baltic peoples appeared during the second millennium BC and four distinct tribal realms in Latvia's territories were identifiable towards the

were Henry of Valois ( Henryk Walezy ), who was the brother of King Charles IX of France , Tsar Ivan IV of Russia , Archduke Ernest of Austria , and King John III of Sweden . Unexpectedly, Henry of Valois ended up a winner. But after serving as Polish king for only four months, he received