Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes that can occur in fertile females . Overt menstruation (where there is blood flow from the uterus through the vagina ) occurs primarily in humans and close evolutionary relatives such as chimpanzees . [ 1 ] Females of other species
Combined oral contraceptive pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill ( COCP ), often referred to as the birth-control pill or simply " the Pill ", is a birth control method that includes a combination of an estrogen ( oestrogen ) and a progestin ( progestogen ). When taken by mouth every day, these pills inhibit female
Hormonal contraception
COCP). In 1957 Enovid , the first COCP, was approved in the United States for the treatment of menstrual disorders. In 1960, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved an application that allowed Enovid to be marketed as a contraceptive. [ 5 ] The first progestogen-only contraceptive
Ovulation
hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase of the menstrual cycle , the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called cumulus expansion, this is stimulated by the secretion of FSH. After this is done, a hole called the
Depo-Provera
The mechanism of action of progestogen-only contraceptives depends on the progestogen activity and dose. High-dose progestogen-only contraceptives, such as injectable DMPA, inhibit follicular development and prevent ovulation as their primary mechanism of action. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The progestogen
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Insulin lowering 6.1.1 Diet 6.1.2 Medications 6.2 Infertility 6.3 Hirsutism and acne 6.4 Menstrual irregularity and endometrial hyperplasia 6.5 Alternative approaches 7 Prognosis 8 See also 9 References 10 External links [ edit ] Nomenclature Other names for
Lactational amenorrhea method
between children can often achieve this through breastfeeding alone. Although the first post-partum cycle is sometimes anovulatory (reducing the likelihood of becoming pregnant again before having a post-partum period), subsequent cycles are almost always ovulatory and therefore must be
Birth control
The history of birth control began with the discovery of the connection between coitus and pregnancy. The oldest forms of birth control included coitus interruptus , pessaries , and the ingestion of herbs that were believed to be contraceptive or abortifacient . The earliest record of birth
Luteal phase
The luteal phase (or secretory phase ) is the latter phase of the menstrual cycle (in humans and a few other animals) or the estrous cycle (in other placental mammals ). It begins with the formation of the corpus luteum and ends in either pregnancy or luteolysis . The main hormone associated
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is typically seen during the reproductive years; it has been estimated that endometriosis occurs in roughly 5-10% of women. [ 1 ] Symptoms may depend on the site of active endometriosis. Its main but not universal symptom is pelvic pain in various manifestations. Endometriosis
