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Terfenol-D (an alloy which expands and contracts in magnetic field more than any other alloy), terbium is of use in actuators , in naval sonar systems and sensors . The largest consumer of the world's terbium supply is in "green" phosphors (which are usually yellow). Terbium oxide is

Erbium's principal uses involve its pink-colored Er 3+ ions, which have optical fluorescent properties particularly useful in certain laser applications. Erbium-doped glasses or crystals can be used as optical amplification media, where erbium (III) ions are optically pumped at around 980

Gadolinium is a silvery-white malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It crystallizes in hexagonal , close-packed α- form at room temperature, but, when heated to temperatures above 1235 °C, it transforms into its β- form, which has a body-centered cubic structure. [ 2 ] Gadolinium

Lanthanum is a soft, malleable, silvery white metal which has hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature. At 310 °C, lanthanum changes to a face-centered cubic structure, and at 865 °C into a body-centered cubic structure. [ 2 ] Lanthanum easily oxidizes (a centimeter-sized sample

Cerium is a silvery metal, belonging to the lanthanide group. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. Cerium has the second-longest liquid range of any element: 2648 C° (795 °C to 3443 °C) or 4766 F° (1463 °F to 6229 °F). ( Thorium

Ytterbium is a soft, malleable and rather ductile element that exhibits a bright silvery luster . A rare earth element, it is easily attacked and dissolved by mineral acids , slowly reacts with water , and oxidizes in air. [ 2 ] Ytterbium has three allotropes which are called alpha, beta

Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran , but was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion exchange techniques in the 1950s. Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors

refractive index glass or garnets, laser , x-ray tube , computer memory , neutron capture 65 Tb Terbium for the village of

Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable element that is fairly corrosion -resistant and stable in dry air at standard temperature and pressure . In moist air and at higher temperatures , however, it quickly oxidizes , forming a yellowish oxide. In pure form, holmium possesses a metallic

Europium is a metal about as hard as lead and is quite ductile . It becomes a superconductor when it is simultaneously at both high pressure (80 GPa) and at low temperature (1.8 K). The occurrence of superconductivity is due to the applied pressure driving europium from a divalent (J = 7/2